In a bed bug infestation inspection, which evidence would specifically indicate their presence?

The presence of live or dead bugs is a direct indication of a bed bug infestation. When inspecting for these pests, encountering either live specimens or remnants (such as dead bugs) confirms their activity in that area. Unlike indirect evidence, such as blood spots on linens or hair strands, which may suggest recent feeding or that an individual may have come into contact with the bugs, the actual bugs themselves provide the most definitive proof of an infestation. Furthermore, while frass—bed bug excrement—can also be a sign of their presence, it is not as unequivocal as finding the bugs themselves. Thus, encountering live or dead bugs unequivocally confirms that an infestation is present, making this the most reliable evidence in an inspection.